Lighting
Lighting is very important in creating the scene as well as making the 3D object look more realistic, however before heavy into lighting do forget to get your shader done for the model, otherwise using a basic spotlight is good to just light up the scene. There are many different types of lighting in a 3d engine, point light which casts light outward in every direction from a single point in 3D space like light bulbs or candles. A directional light which casts a light in a direction from a point in 3D space like a son or moon, and much more like a spotlight, area light, volume light and ambient light. To use lights to get the best results there are 24 things you should keep in mind:
- Observe how light works in the real world
- Learn to read photographs
- Get your shades ready first
- Read photography magazines
- Don’t be slave to photographic realism
- Take the time to set up basic lighting
- Start with the light that has the smallest effect first
- Strip back and get your primary light right
- Keep experimenting
- Use contrast
- Vary your colours
- Build up a composition
- Setting up your gamma
- Don’t be afraid of dark areas
- What you can’t see is as important as what you can
- Remember off-camera lights
- Use volumetric lighting
- Introduce complexity to shadows
- Break up the light
- Using luminous polygons
- Add dust particles floating in the air
- Create colour effects
- Adding fog
- Post processing
Rendering
Rendering is the process of which the computer analyzes all the input variables such as animation, lighting, and colour in order to output a final image. In 3D applications like 3D max, it's the model, textures, set lighting and animate element in the scene which are rendered in an image. Each frame needs to do the same process when render which is way this is the most time-consuming part as each frame render time depends on what is on the scene so anywhere from minutes to hours like Zootopia which took up to 100 hours to render a single frame and as there are 24 frames a second or more depending on the settings used in the production.
Compositing
Compositing is basically like taking different elements, images or footage and making them work together. In movies or 3d animation, compositing is the final stage in the process where you add in visual effects to complete the scene. There are many examples of composting like this video here:
When compositing there are different ways they are done in photos it’s an art of marrying pixels, and in 3d there are nodes. Nodes basically take the elements, images or footage and places them in individual nodes which you can then edit to create your final output.
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